Cognitive modeling of different processing modes in task switching: toward an explanation of the effect of aging on switching cost
- Stephane Deline, LPE-CRPCC, Université Rennes 2
- Jacques Juhel, LPE-CRPCC, Université Rennes 2
Abstract
Cognitive aging is associated with a decrease of executive control
ability that results in impaired performance in inhibition tasks (Hasher & Zacks,
1988) or task-switching (Mayr, Spieler, & Kliegl, 2001). Regarding
task-switching, mixing costs are generally greater for elderly than for young
people (Wasylyshyn, Verhaeghen & Sliwinski, 2011). One explanation of this
phenomenon is that individuals fail to maintain task representations in a
sufficient active state, (Engle & Kane, 2004). However, this hypothesis can't
explain the observation of an equivalent switching cost between young and elderly
(Wasylyshyn et al., 2011). Braver and West (2008) made an additional assumption
of the effect of aging which presumes a declining ability to maintain goals
representations. More specifically, this hypothesis supposes a decrease of the
efficacy of proactive control mechanisms (controlled orientation or preparation
of activities), resulting in a greater tendency to initiate reactive control
processes (on-line processing).
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